useFieldArray: UseFieldArrayProps

Custom hook for working with Field Arrays (dynamic form). The motivation is to provide better user experience and performance. You can watch this short video to visualize the performance enhancement.

Props

Name	Type	Required	Description
`name`	`string`	✓	Name of the field array. Note: Do not support dynamic name.
`control`	`Object`		`control` object provided by `useForm`. It's optional if you are using FormContext.
`shouldUnregister`	`boolean`		Whether Field Array will be unregistered after unmount.
`keyName`	`string = id`		Name of the attribute with autogenerated identifier to use as the `key` prop. This prop is no longer required and will be removed in the next major version.
`rules`	`Object`		The same validation `rules` API as for register, which includes: required, minLength, maxLength, validate CodeSandbox ^TS `useFieldArray({ rules: { minLength: 4 } })` In case of validation error, the `root` property is appended to `formState.errors?.fieldArray?.root` of type `FieldError` Important: This is only applicable to built-in validation only.

Examples

function FieldArray() {
  const { control, register } = useForm();
  const { fields, append, prepend, remove, swap, move, insert } = useFieldArray({
    control, // control props comes from useForm (optional: if you are using FormContext)
    name: "test", // unique name for your Field Array
  });

  return (
    {fields.map((field, index) => (
      <input
        key={field.id} // important to include key with field's id
        {...register(`test.${index}.value`)} 
      />
    ))}
  );
}

Return

Name	Type	Description
`fields`	`object & { id: string }`	This `object` contains the `defaultValue` and `key` for your component.
`append`	`(obj: object \| object[], focusOptions) => void`	Append input/inputs to the end of your fields and focus. The input value will be registered during this action. Important: append data is required and not partial.
`prepend`	`(obj: object \| object[], focusOptions) => void`	Prepend input/inputs to the start of your fields and focus. The input value will be registered during this action. Important: prepend data is required and not partial.
`insert`	`(index: number, value: object \| object[], focusOptions) => void`	Insert input/inputs at particular position and focus. Important: insert data is required and not partial.
`swap`	`(from: number, to: number) => void`	Swap input/inputs position.
`move`	`(from: number, to: number) => void`	Move input/inputs to another position.
`update`	`(index: number, obj: object) => void`	Update input/inputs at a particular position, updated fields will get unmount and remount. If this is not desired behavior, please use `setValue` API instead. Important: update data is required and not partial.
`replace`	`(obj: object[]) => void`	Replace the entire field array values.
`remove`	`(index?: number \| number[]) => void`	Remove input/inputs at particular position, or remove all when no index provided.

Rules

useFieldArray automatically generates a unique identifier named id which is used for key prop. For more information why this is required: https://reactjs.org/docs/lists-and-keys.html#keys
The field.id (and not index) must be added as the component key to prevent re-renders breaking the fields:
```
// ✅ correct:
{fields.map((field, index) => <input key={field.id} ... />)}

// ❌ incorrect:
{fields.map((field, index) => <input key={index} ... />)}
```

It's recommend to not stack actions one after another.


onClick={() => {
  append({ test: 'test' });
  remove(0);
}}
            
// ✅ Better solution: the remove action is happened after the second render
React.useEffect(() => {
  remove(0);
}, [remove])

onClick={() => {
  append({ test: 'test' });
}}

Each useFieldArray is unique and has its own state update, which means you should not have multiple useFieldArray with the same name.
Each input name needs to be unique, if you need to build checkbox or radio with the same name then use it with useController or controller.
Does not support flat field array.
When you append, prepend, insert and update the field array, the obj can't be empty object rather need to supply all your input's defaultValues.
```
append(); ❌
append({}); ❌
append({ firstName: 'bill', lastName: 'luo' }); ✅
```

TypeScript

when register input name, you will have to cast them as const

<input key={field.id} {...register(`test.${index}.test` as const)} />

we do not support circular reference. Refer to this this Github issue for more detail.

for nested field array, you will have to cast the field array by its name.

const { fields } = useFieldArray({ name: `test.${index}.keyValue` as 'test.0.keyValue' });

Examples

CodeSandbox ^JS

import React from "react";
import { useForm, useFieldArray } from "react-hook-form";

function App() {
  const { register, control, handleSubmit, reset, trigger, setError } = useForm({
    // defaultValues: {}; you can populate the fields by this attribute 
  });
  const { fields, append, remove } = useFieldArray({
    control,
    name: "test"
  });
  
  return (
    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(data => console.log(data))}>
      <ul>
        {fields.map((item, index) => (
          <li key={item.id}>
            <input {...register(`test.${index}.firstName`)} />
            <Controller
              render={({ field }) => <input {...field} />}
              name={`test.${index}.lastName`}
              control={control}
            />
            <button type="button" onClick={() => remove(index)}>Delete</button>
          </li>
        ))}
      </ul>
      <button
        type="button"
        onClick={() => append({ firstName: "bill", lastName: "luo" })}
      >
        append
      </button>
      <input type="submit" />
    </form>
  );
}

import * as React from "react";
import { useForm, useFieldArray, useWatch, Control } from "react-hook-form";

type FormValues = {
  cart: {
    name: string;
    price: number;
    quantity: number;
  }[];
};

const Total = ({ control }: { control: Control<FormValues> }) => {
  const formValues = useWatch({
    name: "cart",
    control
  });
  const total = formValues.reduce(
    (acc, current) => acc + (current.price || 0) * (current.quantity || 0),
    0
  );
  return <p>Total Amount: {total}</p>;
};

export default function App() {
  const {
    register,
    control,
    handleSubmit,
    formState: { errors }
  } = useForm<FormValues>({
    defaultValues: {
      cart: [{ name: "test", quantity: 1, price: 23 }]
    },
    mode: "onBlur"
  });
  const { fields, append, remove } = useFieldArray({
    name: "cart",
    control
  });
  const onSubmit = (data: FormValues) => console.log(data);

  return (
    <div>
      <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(onSubmit)}>
        {fields.map((field, index) => {
          return (
            <div key={field.id}>
              <section className={"section"} key={field.id}>
                <input
                  placeholder="name"
                  {...register(`cart.${index}.name` as const, {
                    required: true
                  })}
                  className={errors?.cart?.[index]?.name ? "error" : ""}
                />
                <input
                  placeholder="quantity"
                  type="number"
                  {...register(`cart.${index}.quantity` as const, {
                    valueAsNumber: true,
                    required: true
                  })}
                  className={errors?.cart?.[index]?.quantity ? "error" : ""}
                />
                <input
                  placeholder="value"
                  type="number"
                  {...register(`cart.${index}.price` as const, {
                    valueAsNumber: true,
                    required: true
                  })}
                  className={errors?.cart?.[index]?.price ? "error" : ""}
                />
                <button type="button" onClick={() => remove(index)}>
                  DELETE
                </button>
              </section>
            </div>
          );
        })}

        <Total control={control} />

        <button
          type="button"
          onClick={() =>
            append({
              name: "",
              quantity: 0,
              price: 0
            })
          }
        >
          APPEND
        </button>
        <input type="submit" />
      </form>
    </div>
  );
}

Video

The following video explains the basic usage of useFieldArray.

Tips

Custom Register

You can also register inputs at Controller without the actual input. This makes useFieldArray quick and flexible to use with complex data structure or the actual data is not stored inside an input.

CodeSandbox ^TS

import { useForm, useFieldArray, Controller, useWatch } from "react-hook-form";

const ConditionalInput = ({ control, index, field }) => {
  const value = useWatch({
    name: "test",
    control
  });

  return (
    <Controller
      control={control}
      name={`test.${index}.firstName`}
      render={({ field }) =>
        value?.[index]?.checkbox === "on" ? <input {...field} /> : null
      }
    />
  );
};

function App() {
  const { control, register } = useForm();
  const { fields, append, prepend } = useFieldArray({
    control,
    name: "test"
  });

  return (
    <form>
      {fields.map((field, index) => (
        <ConditionalInput key={field.id} {...{ control, index, field }} />
      ))}
    </form>
  );
}

Controlled Field Array

There will be cases where you want to control the entire field array, which means each onChange reflects on the fields object.

CodeSandbox ^TS

import { useForm, useFieldArray } from "react-hook-form";

export default function App() {
  const { register, handleSubmit, control, watch } = useForm<FormValues>();
  const { fields, append } = useFieldArray({
    control,
    name: "fieldArray"
  });
  const watchFieldArray = watch("fieldArray");
  const controlledFields = fields.map((field, index) => {
    return {
      ...field,
      ...watchFieldArray[index]
    };
  });

  return (
    <form>
      {controlledFields.map((field, index) => {
        return <input {...register(`fieldArray.${index}.name` as const)} />;
      })}
    </form>
  );
}

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